Acute Pain - NCP for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Nursing Care Plan for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Dermatitis, a common skin condition, refers to inflammation of the skin that can manifest in various forms. It encompasses a range of conditions, each with its own causes and symptoms. This article provides insights into the causes, types, and general management of dermatitis.

Causes:

• Contact Dermatitis: This type of dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with allergens or irritants, leading to redness, itching, and sometimes blistering. Common culprits include certain cosmetics, metals, plants, and chemicals.
• Atopic Dermatitis: Often referred to as eczema, atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition characterized by dry, itchy skin. It can be linked to genetic factors, environmental triggers, and immune system dysfunction.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: This form primarily affects areas rich in oil glands, such as the scalp, face, and chest. It is associated with an overgrowth of yeast on the skin and may result in redness, scales, and dandruff.
• Nummular Dermatitis: This type is characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin, often triggered by dry conditions, irritants, or allergy-provoking substances.

Types:

Dermatitis can be categorized into several types based on its specific characteristics and triggers. Understanding the type of dermatitis is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Acute Pain

Acute pain is a common experience resulting from injury, surgery, or illness, serving as a vital warning signal for the body. Understanding its causes, proper assessment, and effective management are essential aspects of providing comprehensive care. This article explores the nuances of acute pain to facilitate a better understanding of its dynamics.

Nursing Care Plan for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Nursing Diagnosis : Acute Pain related to skin lesions

Goal: Pain is reduced / no pain.

Expected outcomes:

• Appeasement reached taste disturbances.
• Expressed with words that itching has subsided.
• Show no symptoms of the skin excoriations due to scratching.
• Comply with the prescribed therapy.
• Keep adequacy skin hydration and lubrication ..
• Shows the intact skin; skin showed, advances in healthy appearance.

Interventions :

Independent:

1. Check the area involved.
R /: An understanding of the extent and characteristics of the skin include assistance in preparing an intervention plan.

2. Efforts to find the cause of the disorder sense of comfort.
R /: Helps identify the appropriate actions to provide comfort.

3. Record the results of observations in detail by using descriptive terminology.
R /: An accurate description of the skin eruption is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Many skin conditions seem similar but have different etiologies.

4. Anticipating allergic reactions that may occur; obtain a history of drug use.
R /: Rash thorough especially with sudden onset may indicate an allergic reaction to the drug.

5. Control irritant factors.
R /: Itching aggravated by heat, chemical, and physical.

6. Maintain humidity of approximately 60%; use a humidifier.
R /: With low humidity, the skin will lose water.

7. Maintain a cool environment.
R /: Coolness reduce itching.

8. Use a mild soap or soap made for sensitive skin.
R /: These include the absence of a solution detegen, dyes or reinforcement material.

9. Remove excess clothing or equipment in the bed.
R /: Increase the cool environment.

10. Wash bed linens and clothes with a mild soap.
R /: harsh soaps can cause skin irritation.

11. Stop the repeated exposure to detergents, cleaners and solvents.
R /: Any substance that abolishing water, lipid or protein of the epidermis, will alter the skin barrier function.

12. Use skin care measures to maintain skin integrity and improve patient comfort.
R /: Skin is an important barrier that must be maintained integrity in order to function correctly.

13. Make a compress air with lukewarm water or cold compresses to relieve itching.
R /: Sucking water gradually from gauze compress will soothe the skin and relieve pruritus.

Collaboration:

14. Apply lotion and skin cream immediately after bathing.
R /: This action helps to relieve the symptoms.

15. Instruct the patient to avoid the use of an ointment or lotion purchased without a prescription.
R /: Problems patients can be caused by irritation or sensitization due to the treatment itself.

16. Keep nails patient, always trimmed.
R /: Cutting the nail will reduce skin damage from scratching.

 

Bibliography:

1. Bieber, T. (2008). Atopic dermatitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(14), 1483-1494. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra074081

2. James, W. D., Berger, T. G., & Elston, D. M. (2015). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (12th ed.). Elsevier.

Acute Pain - Nursing Care Plan for Vertigo

Vertigo is a symptom of dizziness that can happen to anyone, ranging from mild symptoms to severe. Vertigo can be characterized by a sense of dizziness as the head spins and inverted vision. As a result, patients experience dizziness highly and will not be able to get up because of the dizziness.

Dizziness is actually a common symptom associated with various disorders. Causes of dizziness may be related to the nervous system, but can be derived from ENT, heart, eyes, and even psychologically.

After all dizziness complaints, ranging from mild to severe, should be evaluated carefully in order to clear the source and the cause can be found so that the obtained optimal treatment or handling.

Symptoms of vertigo can be triggered by various things, such as a hormonal disorder that is marked by the presence of acne, fatigue, stress, lack of rest and so on.


Nursing Diagnosis for Vertigo : Acute Pain related to stress and tension, irritation / nerve pressure, vasospasm, increased intracranial pressure.

Characterized by :
Stating that pain is influenced by such factors, changes in position, changes in sleep patterns, anxiety.

Goal : Pain is lost or reduced

Outcomes:

• The client expresses pain is reduced.
• Normal vital signs.
• The client appeared calm and relaxed.

Intervention :
1. Monitor vital signs , intensity / pain scale
Rationale : Identify and facilitate the nursing action.

2. Encourage clients to rest in bed.
Rational : the break to reduce the intensity of pain.

3. Adjust the position of the patient as comfortable as possible.
Rational : the exact position reduces stress and prevent muscle tension and reduce pain.

4. Teach relaxation techniques and breathing deeply.
Rationale : relaxation reduces tension and makes the feeling more comfortable.

5. Collaboration for providing analgesic.
Rationale : useful analgesic to reduce pain so that the patient becomes more comfortable.

Acute Pain related to Angina Pectoris

Nursing Care Plan for Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris is described as severe chest pain that results from insufficient blood flow to the heart. The main cause is a coronary artery disease called atherosclerosis, or a clogging of the arteries.

Signs and symptoms of this heart related condition may include tightness or pressure in the chest that may radiate to the left shoulder and arm, or possibly the neck and jaw. Other symptoms may include difficulty breathing, anxiety, sweating, or pale skin.

During an attack of angina pectoris, a person should rest and take nitroglycerin under the tongue. This may be enough to eliminate the symptoms. Depending on possible underlying conditions, other treatment such as balloon angioplasty or other surgeries may be recommended, or certain medications (beta-blockers, daily aspirin) may be needed. In most cases, a patient can benefit from a healthy diet and exercise, which should be prescribed by their doctor.


Nursing Diagnosis : Acute Pain related to Myocardial Ischemia

Goal: reduced pain / resolved
Outcomes:

• Stated / said no pain,
• Reported angina episodes decreased in frequency, duration and severity.

Nursing Interventions :

1. Instruct the patient to notify nurse quickly in the event of chest pain.
R:/ pain and decreased cardiac output can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to release large amounts of nor epinephrine, which increases platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 issued. Pain can not be detained cause vasovagal response, reducing BP and heart rate.

2. Identification of the precipitating factors, if any: frequency, duration, intensity and location of pain.
R: / Help distinguish early chest pain (stable angina usually ends 3 to 5 minutes while unstable angina longer and can last more than 45 minutes).

3. Evaluation report pain in the jaw, neck, shoulder, hand or arm (especially on the left side).
R:/ Cardiac pain may spread to the sample surface pain more often innervated by the same spinal level.

4. Instruct the patient to bed rest during episodes of angina.
R:/ Reduce myocardial oxygen demand in order to minimize the risk of tissue injury or necrosis.

5. Elevate the head of the bed when the patient is short of breath.
R:/ Facilitate the exchange of gases to reduce repetitive hypoxia and shortness of breath.
Monitor the speed or rhythm of the heart.

6. Monitor the speed or rhythm of the heart.
R:/ Patients with unstable angina have increased dysrhythmias, acute life-threatening, which occurs in response to ischemia and or stress.

7. Panatau vital signs every 5 minutes during an attack of angina.
R:/ BP can rise early with respect to sympathetic stimulation , then dropped when the cardiac output is affected.

8 . Maintain a calm, comfortable environment, limit the visitor when necessary.
R:/ mental or emotional stress increase myocardial work.

9. Give soft foods. Let the patient rest for 1 hour after eating.
R :/ Lowering myocardial work in connection with the work of digestion, lowers the risk of angina attacks

Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Pain

Nursing Diagnosis for Pain

1. Acute Pain
related to physical injury, reduction of blood supply, process of giving birth

2. Chronic Pain
related to the malignancy

3. Anxiety
related to pain that is felt

4. Ineffective individual coping
related to chronic pain

5. Impaired physical mobility
related to musculoskeletal pain

6. Risk for injury
related to lack of perception of pain


Nursing Interventions for Pain

Nurses develop a plan of nursing diagnoses that have been made. Nurses and clients together to discuss realistic expectations of action to overcome the pain, the degree of recovery of the expected pain, and the effects that must be anticipated in the client's lifestyle and function. Expected outcomes and goals of nursing and nursing diagnoses were selected based on the client's condition. The general objective of nursing care with pain are as follows:

• Clients feel healthy and comfortable
• Clients retain the ability to perform self-care
• Clients maintain physical function and psychological currently owned
• Client describes the factors that cause pain
• Clients use the therapy given safely at home

Source : http://nursing-care-plan.blogspot.com/2011/11/nursing-care-plan-for-pain-assessment.html

Acute Pain Nursing Diagnosis for BPH

Acute Pain related to the irritation of bladder mucosa, bladder distension, renal colic, urinary infection.

Goal :

Pain is reduced / lost

Criteria for outcome :

Clients reported no pain, showed the skills of relaxation and therapeutic activity according to indications for individual situations. Seemed relaxed, sleep / rest appropriately.

Plan of action and rational :

• Review the pain, note the location, intensity (scale 0 - 10).
  R / Pain sharp, intermittent with the urge to urinate / massage urine around the catheter showed bladder spasm, which tends to be more heavily on the approach of TURP (usually decreased within 48 hours).
• Keep the catheter and drainage system. Keep the hose free of grooves and clot.
  R / Maintaining the function of the catheter and drainage system, reducing distension risk.
• Maintain bed rest if indicated
  R / required during the early phase during the acute phase.
• Provide comfort measures (therapeutic touch, changing positions, massage your back) and therapeutic activity.
  R / Reduces muscle tension, back memfokusksn attention and can enhance coping ability.
• Collaboration in the provision antispasmodik
  R / Eliminates spasm

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the medical term, but we all know it more commonly as an enlarged prostate. Increasingly common in men as they age, it is believed that potentially all men will suffer from BPH at some point in their lives if they live long enough.

The prostate gland is present only in males and is located around the urethra between the bladder and penis. According to The National Institutes of Health, it is estimated that as high as ninety percent of men over the age of 70 have some symptoms related to BPH. Basically, BPH is caused by a growth of the cells of the prostate gland, which causes the gland to enlarge and puts excess pressure on the urethra.

The exact cause of prostate enlargement isn't clearly understood. It is related to the functioning of the testicles and the hormones they produce, and also correlates with age. No risk factors for developing BPH are known, however men who have had their testicles removed - say, due to testicular cancer - will not develop enlargement of the prostate gland.