Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the red blood cells are below normal. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the role of the lungs and deliver it to all parts of the body.
A common cause of anemia among others; iron deficiency, intestinal bleeding, bleeding, genetically, deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid drawback, bone marrow disorders.
Causes and Risk Factors
Blood is composed of plasma and cells. There are three types of blood cells:
- White blood cells (leukocytes). These blood cells are useful to fight infection.
- Platelets. These blood cells help the blood clot when injured.
- White blood cells (erythrocytes). The red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs through the bloodstream to the brain and other organs and tissues.
Many blood cells are produced by bone marrow. To be able to produce red blood cells and hemoglobin, your body needs iron, minerals, protein and other vitamins from the foods you eat.
Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia : Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen demand and supply
Goal : to maintain / improve ambulation / activity .
Outcomes:
- Reported an increase in exercise tolerance ( including activities of daily living )
- Showed decreased signs of physiological intolerance , for example pulse , respiration , and blood pressure was within the normal range .
Intervention
1 . Assess the patient's ADL ability .
Rationale : influence the choice of intervention / assistance .
2 . Assess loss or impaired balance , gait and muscle weakness .
Rationale : show changes due to vitamin B12 deficiency neurological affects patient safety / risk of injury .
3 . Observation of vital signs before and after the activity .
Rationale : cardiopulmonary manifestations of heart and lung efforts to bring an adequate amount of oxygen to the tissues .
4 . Provide quiet environment , limit visitors , and reduce noise , keep bed rest when indicated .
Rationale : improving breaks to lower the body's need for oxygen and lowering strain the heart and lungs .
5 . Use energy -saving techniques , instruct the patient to rest, if there is fatigue and weakness , instruct the patient to perform activities of his best . ( without imposing themselves ) .
Rationale : increase activity gradually to normal and improve muscle tone / stamina without drawbacks . Boost the self-esteem and sense of control .