Acute Pain - NCP for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Nursing Care Plan for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Dermatitis, a common skin condition, refers to inflammation of the skin that can manifest in various forms. It encompasses a range of conditions, each with its own causes and symptoms. This article provides insights into the causes, types, and general management of dermatitis.

Causes:

• Contact Dermatitis: This type of dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with allergens or irritants, leading to redness, itching, and sometimes blistering. Common culprits include certain cosmetics, metals, plants, and chemicals.
• Atopic Dermatitis: Often referred to as eczema, atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition characterized by dry, itchy skin. It can be linked to genetic factors, environmental triggers, and immune system dysfunction.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: This form primarily affects areas rich in oil glands, such as the scalp, face, and chest. It is associated with an overgrowth of yeast on the skin and may result in redness, scales, and dandruff.
• Nummular Dermatitis: This type is characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin, often triggered by dry conditions, irritants, or allergy-provoking substances.

Types:

Dermatitis can be categorized into several types based on its specific characteristics and triggers. Understanding the type of dermatitis is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Acute Pain

Acute pain is a common experience resulting from injury, surgery, or illness, serving as a vital warning signal for the body. Understanding its causes, proper assessment, and effective management are essential aspects of providing comprehensive care. This article explores the nuances of acute pain to facilitate a better understanding of its dynamics.

Nursing Care Plan for Eczema (Dermatitis)

Nursing Diagnosis : Acute Pain related to skin lesions

Goal: Pain is reduced / no pain.

Expected outcomes:

• Appeasement reached taste disturbances.
• Expressed with words that itching has subsided.
• Show no symptoms of the skin excoriations due to scratching.
• Comply with the prescribed therapy.
• Keep adequacy skin hydration and lubrication ..
• Shows the intact skin; skin showed, advances in healthy appearance.

Interventions :

Independent:

1. Check the area involved.
R /: An understanding of the extent and characteristics of the skin include assistance in preparing an intervention plan.

2. Efforts to find the cause of the disorder sense of comfort.
R /: Helps identify the appropriate actions to provide comfort.

3. Record the results of observations in detail by using descriptive terminology.
R /: An accurate description of the skin eruption is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Many skin conditions seem similar but have different etiologies.

4. Anticipating allergic reactions that may occur; obtain a history of drug use.
R /: Rash thorough especially with sudden onset may indicate an allergic reaction to the drug.

5. Control irritant factors.
R /: Itching aggravated by heat, chemical, and physical.

6. Maintain humidity of approximately 60%; use a humidifier.
R /: With low humidity, the skin will lose water.

7. Maintain a cool environment.
R /: Coolness reduce itching.

8. Use a mild soap or soap made for sensitive skin.
R /: These include the absence of a solution detegen, dyes or reinforcement material.

9. Remove excess clothing or equipment in the bed.
R /: Increase the cool environment.

10. Wash bed linens and clothes with a mild soap.
R /: harsh soaps can cause skin irritation.

11. Stop the repeated exposure to detergents, cleaners and solvents.
R /: Any substance that abolishing water, lipid or protein of the epidermis, will alter the skin barrier function.

12. Use skin care measures to maintain skin integrity and improve patient comfort.
R /: Skin is an important barrier that must be maintained integrity in order to function correctly.

13. Make a compress air with lukewarm water or cold compresses to relieve itching.
R /: Sucking water gradually from gauze compress will soothe the skin and relieve pruritus.

Collaboration:

14. Apply lotion and skin cream immediately after bathing.
R /: This action helps to relieve the symptoms.

15. Instruct the patient to avoid the use of an ointment or lotion purchased without a prescription.
R /: Problems patients can be caused by irritation or sensitization due to the treatment itself.

16. Keep nails patient, always trimmed.
R /: Cutting the nail will reduce skin damage from scratching.

 

Bibliography:

1. Bieber, T. (2008). Atopic dermatitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(14), 1483-1494. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra074081

2. James, W. D., Berger, T. G., & Elston, D. M. (2015). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (12th ed.). Elsevier.

Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to Vertigo

Nursing Care Plan for Vertigo


Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting

NOC:

• Nutritional status: the level of nutrients available to meet the metabolic needs.
• Nutritional status: food and fluid intake: the amount of food and fluids in the body consumption for the next 24 hours.
• Nutritional status: nutritional value: adequacy of nutrients consumed by the body.

Achieved after treatment for 3 days

Expected outcomes:

• Clients will maintain ideal body weight.
• Clients expressed tolerance to the recommended diet.
• Maintaining body mass and body weight within normal limits.
• Reported adequacy level of energy.

NIC interventions:
1. Management of eating disorders.
2. Management of nutrients.
3. Help raise the weight.

Nursing activities:

• Measure client's weight at appropriate intervals.
• Determine weight client idea.
• Provide information regarding the resources available. such as dietary counseling, exercise programs.
• Discuss with the client regarding a medical condition that affects body weight.
• Discuss the risks associated with over- or underweight.
• Help clients to develop a meal plan that is balanced and consistent with the level of energy use.

Nausea related to Vertigo (NCP for Vertigo)

Causes and Care Plan of Diarrhea in Infants

Nursing Care Plan of Diarrhea in Infants

Diarrhea is not a topic that is often discussed, except when it occurs in infants. Every parent would be concerned about all things unusual happened to the baby, ranging from problems of diarrhea, food, until sleep patterns. And that was troublesome was the baby can not express what they feel except with the language of tears. So, inevitably every parent should be a good researcher for their children.

Feces during diarrhea in infants may appear in the texture, color and smell different. Such differences in the texture of the stool usually depends on what the baby feeding (breast milk, formula or solids).

One or two times a watery stool that comes out on the baby may not have to worry about. It usually occurs in the first weeks or months of the baby. However, if too frequent or severe diarrhea, this is no longer the time for you to hold a nursing home, you should immediately take the baby to the doctor.


Causes of Diarrhea in Infants

Babies with diarrhea can be caused by many factors, among others:

• Food allergies or are sensitive to a drug.
• Drinking too much fruit juice.
• Poisoning.
• Infections caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites.

Diarrhea occurs because the causes above that goes into the baby's digestion (by mouth). It could be the baby food and drink was contaminated / polluted with bacteria, parasites or viruses, toxins to chemicals. Do not just oriented on food and beverages consumed by the baby alone, hands touch the baby against something, then the baby put his hand into the mouth, is also a driveway for the causes of diarrhea.

Baby feeding equipment must also be assured of cleanliness, clean of bacteria / viruses and chemicals / pharmaceuticals. It's useless if you maintain the cleanliness of food and his hands but not keeping his dishes. Generally, mothers of households use chemicals / sort of detergent sold in the market for washing utensils. Well, the rinsing process must be done properly, make sure the cutlery has been rinsed clean to prevent chemicals washers are no longer living in tableware. The best thing after that is boiling all his dishes. And do not forget to give sense to the person who washes tableware your family, especially baby equipment. If you are in doubt, you should do yourself.

The mother / baby sitter alone should have to frequently wash their hands before and after eating, after changing diapers, after using the bathroom. These are all important to prevent diarrhea.

If you are breastfeeding your baby, you should not use laxatives because most of laxatives will go to the baby through breast milk will eventually cause diarrhea for the baby.


Effect of Diarrhea in Infants

Diarrhea will obviously disrupt the normal balance of water and salt (electrolytes) in infants. When the water and electrolytes lost in significant amounts (for diarrhea), babies will become dehydrated. And the loss of water and electrolytes in infants should get a replacement as soon as possible. In infants, dehydration can occur very quickly. Can directly take place on the day he diarrhea or the next day and it was very dangerous, especially for newborns.

Here are the signs of dehydration in infants:

• Urinate more often than usual.
• Irritability (fussy).
• Dry mouth.
• No tears when crying.
• Lethargic and often sleepy (unconventional).
• Sunken soft spot (fontanel concave).
• Inelastic skin (the skin is not immediately return after pressed or pinched).

When there is the above symptoms, do not wait any longer, let alone still would defer to care for her at home, immediately go to the doctor. Also, immediately go to the doctor if your baby has these symptoms:

• Fever over 38.8 degrees Celsius.
• Abdominal pain (toddlers who can express her feelings).
• Blood or pus in the stool, or black stools, white or red.
• Lethargy.
• Vomiting.

Nursing Diagnoses of Diarrhea

1. Deficient Fluid Volume r / t excessive loss through the feces and vomit and limited intake (nausea).
2. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r / t disruption of nutrient absorption and increase intestinal peristalsis.
3. Pain (acute) r / t Hiperperistaltik, irritation perirektal fissure.
4. Anxiety: family r / t changes in the health status of children.
5. Knowledge deficit: family: about the condition, prognosis and therapy needs r / t exposure limited information, misinterpretation of information and or cognitive limitations.

Risk-prone Health Behavior - Atherosclerosis Care Plan

Risk-prone Health Behavior

Domain 1: Health promotion

Class 2: Health management

Definition: Impaired ability to modify lifestyle/behaviors in a manner that improves health status

Defining characteristics:

• can not act anything to prevent health problems

Related factors:

• a variety of stressors
• smoke

NOC:

Cardiac disease self management: personal action to manage heart disease, its treatment and prevent disease progression.

Indicators:

• accept health provider’s diagnosis
• monitors pulse rate and rhythm
• monitors blood pressure
• limits fat and colesterol intake
• follows recommended diet
• monitors body weight
• uses effective weight control strategies
• maintain optimum weight
• participate in smoking cessation regiment
• participate in recommended exercise program
• balances activity and rest

NIC:

Smoking cessation assistance: helping another to stop smoking

Activity:

• Determine the patient's readiness to quit smoking
• Monitor the patient's readiness to quit smoking
• Provide clear and consistent advice to quit smoking
• Provide another option is best as a substitute for smoking

Oral health restoration: promotion of healing for a patient who has an oral mucosa or dental lesion
Activity:

• Using a soft toothbrush to clean the gums and oral cavity
• Stopping the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes
• Instructing the patient to brush teeth after eating

Decreased Cardiac Output - NCP for Angina Pectoris

Nursing Care Plan for Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysmal episodes or pain or feeling of pressure in front of the chest. (Brunner and Suddart, 1997)

Angina usually occurs when exercise, severe emotional stress, or after a heavy meal. During these periods, the heart muscle demands more blood oxygen than the narrowed arteries can provide. Angina typically lasts from 1 to 15 minutes and is relieved by rest or by placing a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. Nitroglycerin relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. Both rest and nitroglycerin reduce myocardial demand for oxygen, thus freeing angina.

Factors causing angina pectoris, among others:

• Insufficient oxygen supply to the cells of the heart muscles compared needs.
• When the move, especially heavy activity, increased cardiac workload. Pumping heart muscle stronger.
• History of smoking (both active smokers and passive smokers)
• Angina is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the heart area. Sometimes, other types of heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension can lead to angina.
• Arteriosclerosis is a general term for several diseases, in which the arterial wall becomes thicker and less flexible which fatty materials collect under the inner lining of the artery wall.
• Coronary artery spasm.
• Severe anemia.
• Arthritis.
• Aortic insufficiency.

Nursing Diagnosis : Decreased Cardiac Output

Goal: An increase in cardiac output.

Outcomes:
Patients reported a reduction in episodes of dyspnea, angina and dysrhythmias showed increased activity tolerance, clients participating in behaviors or activities that lower cardiac work.

Interventions :

1. Monitor vital signs, eg heart rate, blood pressure.
R :/ tachycardia can occur due to pain, anxiety, hypoxemia, and decreased cardiac output. Changes in BP (hypertension or hypotension) due to cardiac response.

2. Evaluation of mental status, note the occurrence of confusion, disorientation.
R :/ Lowering the perfusion of the brain can result in changes in sensorium.

3. Note the presence of skin color and pulse quality.
R :/ decreased peripheral circulation when cardiac output falls, making the skin pale and gray (depending on the degree of hypoxia) and a decline in the strength of peripheral pulses.

4. Maintaining bed rest in a comfortable position during an acute episode.
R :/ Lowered oxygen consumption or decrease the need for labor and the risk of myocardial decompensation.

5. Give adequate rest periods. Assist in or perform self-care activities, as indicated.
R :/ saving energy, lowering cardiac work.

6. Monitor and record the effects or loss of drug response, blood pressure levels, heart rate and rhythm.
R :/ desired effect to decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing ventricular stress. Drug with negative inotropic content can decrease perfusion to the ischemic myocardium. The combination nitras and beta-blockers may exert its effects on cardiac output collected.

7. Assess for signs and symptoms of CHF.
R :/ Angina only pathological symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, a disease which affects the function of the heart became decompensated.

8 Give the drug as indicated: calcium channel blockers.
R :/ Although different in its form, calcium channel blockers play an important role in preventing and eliminating ischemia originator of coronary artery spasm and decrease vascular resistance, thus reducing BP and heart work.

Nursing Care Plan for Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner eyelid. Condition characterized by red eyes is the most common eye disorder in children.

Types of Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, allergies or irritation.:

• Bacterial conjunctivitis : infections caused by bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci or Haemophilus. Eyes are usually issued dung eyes yellow / greenish yellow which may spread to the lashes and cause a sticky eyelids, especially in the morning.
• Viral conjunctivitis : an infection caused by a virus called adenovirus, often associated with the common cold. Types of conjunctivitis are very contagious among humans and can cause epidemics. Eye redness and discharge may be watery. Often the swollen eyelids. This type of conjunctivitis may also spread to the cornea and cause blurred vision.
• Allergic Conjunctivitis : allergy due to objects such as pollen, dust mites, or dust. Itchy eyes and redness that may be accompanied by many tears, eyelid crusting and photophobia (eye glare). This condition can occur at certain times of the year, for example during a drought when a lot of pollen and dust flying through the air. Children who have a history of allergic conjunctivitis often have other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, eczema or asthma.
• Irritation Conjunctivitis : caused by chlorine in the pool, smoke, or steam.

In addition, the newborn child called neonatal conjunctivitis or ophthalmia neonatorum which is transmitted during the birth process and including sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea or chlamydia infection. In small infants, symptoms of watery eyes and more eyes droppings caused by tear drainage problems that have not evolved than conjunctivitis. The condition is known as the naso-lacrimal duct obstruction, which will disappear when the baby is getting older.


Nursing Diagnosis for Conjunctivitis

1. Acute pain related to inflammation of the conjunctiva.
2. Anxiety related to lack of knowledge about the disease process.
3. Risk of spread of infection associated with inflammatory processes.
4. Impaired self-concept (body image decreases) related to the change of the eyelids (swelling / edema).
5. Risk for injury related to limited vision.

Nursing Diagnosis Self-Care Deficit - Nursing Care Plan Stroke

Stroke Definition :

That stroke is a disease affects the blood vessels That blood supply to the brain. Without blood to supply oxygen and Nutrients and to remove waste products, brain cells begin to die Quickly. Stroke is Sometimes Called a "brain attack. Stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

The cause of stroke is an interruption in the blood supply, with a resulting depletion of oxygen and glucose in the affected area. This reduces or abolishes IMMEDIATELY neuronal function, and also initiates the ischemic cascade the which Causes neurons to die or Be Seriously Damaged, Further impairing brain function.

Self-Care Deficit Nursing Nanda Diagnosis Definition:

Impaired ability to perform or complete activities of daily living, Such as feeding, dressing, bathing, toileting.

The nurse may encounter the patient with a self-care deficit in the hospital or in the community.

Nursing Diagnosis Self-Care Deficit - Nursing Care Plan Stroke

related to weakness, neuromuscular disorders, decreased muscle strength, decreased muscle coordination, depression, pain, damage to the perception

Goal: The ability to care for self-rising

Expected outcomes:

a. Demonstrating changes in lifestyle to meet the needs of daily living

b. Perform self-care according to ability

c. Identify and utilize sources of aid


Nursing Interventions Self-Care Deficit Nursing Care Plan for Stroke

1. Monitor the client's skill level in caring for themselves

2. Provide assistance to the needs that really need it

3. Create an environment that allows clients to perform ADLs independently

4. Involve the family in helping clients

5. Client's motivation to perform ADLs according to ability

6. Provide aids themselves when possible

7. Collaboration: plug the DC if necessary, consultation with a occupational or physiotherapy.

Source : http://careplannursing.blogspot.com/2012/01/self-care-deficit-nursing-care-plan-for.html